[53] On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. There, by the following century, the Medici were counted among the wealthy notables, although in the second rank, after leading families of the city. Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. [33], Cosimo's elder son, Ferdinando, was not yet of legal maturity to succeed him, thus Maria Maddalena and his grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents. Main article: House of Medici Contents 1Root Medici Tree 2Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany) 3Structure of the family tree lines 4The descendants line 4.1Origins 4.2Branch of Salvestro di Averardo 4.3Branch of Cafaggiolo 4.4Branch of Popolano (Trebbio)/Grand Ducal Branch 5Cornerstone figures of the line of succession 6Places 7See also 2. [1], Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, Coat of Arms of Catherine of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of Maria of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany, Italian banking family and political dynasty, "Medicis" redirects here. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. All Rights Reserved. Cosimo de' Medici, the older brother, established the family's political base. The extinction of the main Medici dynasty and the accession in 1737 of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine and husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, led to Tuscany's temporary inclusion in the territories of the Austrian crown. Medici Giovanni (de') 1360 - 1429 Bueri Piccarda 1368 - 1433 Bardi Alessandro (de') 1360 - Pannocchieschi Camilla - Medici Cosimo (de') 1389 - 1464 Bardi Lotta (de') 1391 - 1473 Medici Piero (de') 1416 - 1472 Tornabuoni Lucrezia - Medici Lorenzo (de') 1449 - 1492 View full family tree Source : 19riccardo60 More information Corrections? History of the Medici Rulers 1. But their policy of consolidating their position by controlling the governmentthe work of the descendants of Chiarissimo II (himself the grandson of the first known Medici)resulted in 50 years of serious misfortunes for the family (134393). The name in Italian is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable /m .di.ti/ and not on the second vowel. 3. [29] Francesco and Ferdinando, due to lax distinction between Medici and Tuscan state property, are thought to have been wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de' Medici, the founder of the dynasty. It provided the Roman Catholic Church with four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leon XI) and married into the royal families of Europe (most notably in France, in the persons of Queens Catherine de Mdici and Marie de Mdicis). In 1537 he was assassinated by a companion who was also a relative. All episodes of Season 3 of 'Medici' are now streaming on Netflix. He was not a liberal patron and commissioned little, his patronage guided purely by political motives. The Descendants of Cosimo de' Medici Lorenzo was a poet himself, and supported the work of such Renaissance masters as Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo (whom the Medicis commissioned to complete their family tombs in Florence). 2. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Beginning in 1434 with the rise to power of Cosimo de Medici (or Cosimo the Elder), the familys patronage of the arts and humanities made Florence into the cradle of the Renaissance, Europes scientific, artistic and cultural rebirth. Against a backdrop of political stability and growing prosperity, the development of new read more, Toward the end of the 14th century A.D., a handful of Italian thinkers declared that they were living in a new age. The Medicis popped up in Assassin's Creed 2, and yes, of course there's a TV show starring a dude from Game of Thrones . Son of Ludovico Medici and Maria Salviati. Maria's daughters became queens of Spain and England. In fact, more than a dilemma, the biblical sin of usury (charging excessive interest in money lending) created a significant . As Cosimo I, he established absolute power in the region, and his descendants would rule as grand dukes into the 1700s. Notes: Direct descendants of the listed European Royalty - are also either direct descendants or distant cousins of the relevant listed Notable and Famous Descendants. [38] The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. Clarice Orsini (c. 1453 - 29 July 1487) was the daughter of Jacopo (Giacomo) Orsini (see Orsini family), lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. When Gian Gastone's only sibling, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the last of the family line, passed away in 1743 without any children, she willed the Medicis' enormous art collection and other. The first grand duke of the new dynasty, Francis I, was a great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I de' Medici, thus he continued the Medicean Dynasty on the throne of Tuscany through the female line. Both businesses were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy. For example, the Medici family gained political control over Florence in the 1430s, which ultimately led to the end of the Florence Republic and led to their reign as monarchs over the city-state. Patrilineal descendants today: 0; Total descendants . Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 13601429), son of Averardo de' Medici (13201363), increased the wealth of the family through his creation of the Medici Bank, and became one of the richest men in the city of Florence. Remove from heat and set aside. . He ruled for five years. His contemporaries read more, Known as the Renaissance, the period immediately following the Middle Ages in Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. His two sons were Piero (141669) and Giovanni (142463). The pact states that the artworks belong to the state to educate people about the Medici family and attract tourism. Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. The Medici family were patrons of Galileo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. From the time of Clement's election as pope in 1523 until the sack of Rome, Florence was governed by the young Ippolito de' Medici (future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), Alessandro de' Medici (future duke of Florence), and their guardians. . 1535-1605). Finally, all were consumed by a passion for arts and letters and for building. [75], Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Medici coat of arms was initially inspired by symbols drawn from Etruscan votive sculpture, examples of which feature an oval dome with balls (echoing the forms of the Medici shield), as well as six balls within a triangle (as found in the alternative, triangular version of the Medici emblem). The Medici family has also been the subject of medico-historical interest, as many of its most prominent figures were known to have suffered from debilitating illnesses throughout their lives. [19] These three members of the Medici family had great skills in the management of so "restive and independent a city" as Florence. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. The background shows the family's influence in the region. During Cosimos time, as well as that of his sons and particularly his grandson Lorenzo de Medici, the Italian Renaissance flourished, and Florence became the cultural center of Europe. Cosimo (Cosimo I) "Granduca di Toscana, Duca di Firenze" de' Medici formerly Medici. Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua (1566-1611) Romola (1568) Anna (1569-1584) Isabella (1571-1572) Lucrezia (1572-1574) Maria, Queen of France (1573-1642) married Henry IV of France. . [26] To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry IV of France. The greatest accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of art and architecture, mainly early and High Renaissance art and architecture. To ensure the continuance of his family's success, Lorenzo planned his children's future careers for them. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici. Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. He groomed the headstrong Piero II to follow as his successor in civil leadership; Giovanni[21] (future Pope Leo X) was placed in the church at an early age; and his daughter Maddalena was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of Pope Innocent VIII that cemented the alliance between the Medici and the Roman branches of the Cybo and Altoviti families. Gian Gastone, who came to power in 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without any heirs. Ferdinando, although no longer a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive conclaves. The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. . The Medici Family. Two girls from the family also grew up to be the queens of France. Maria Maddelana's temperament was analogous to Christina's, and together they aligned Tuscany with the papacy, re-doubled the Tuscan clergy, and allowed the heresy trial of Galileo Galilei to occur. It would also have reflected the family's interest in Etruscan art and culture. [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty. The Medici family were wool merchants and bankers. How the Medici Used Portraits as Propaganda. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. The few years of this period are often considered to be the apogee of the Medici age. What problems did the Medici family face? By agreement of the European powers (Austria, France, England and the Netherlands), control over Tuscany passed to Francis of Lorraine, whose marriage to Hapsburg heiress (and mother of Marie Antoinette) Maria Theresa of Austria would begin the long European reign of the Hapsburg-Lorraine family. Cosimo de Medici Another branch of the family, descended from Salvestro's distant cousin Giovanni di Bicci de Medici, would begin the great Medici dynasty. Although he never held any political office, he gained strong popular support for the family through his support for the introduction of a proportional system of taxation. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to Michelangelos statue of David and many other great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. In later years the most significant protg of the Medici family was Michelangelo Buonarroti (14751564), who produced work for a number of family members, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo and invited him to study the family collection of antique sculpture. Piero, oldest of the children of Lorenzo the Magnificent, fathered one son, also named Lorenzo (14921519), who in turn had a daughter, Catherine (151989), who became queen of France as wife of Henry II; three of her four sons became kings of France. Smithsonian Magazine.The Medici Family. A scouting party was sent out, and in late December the read more. The reign of Cosimo I placed the Medici on a level with many . From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became Pope Clement VII. The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. In 1530, after allying himself with Charles V, Pope Clement VII succeeded in securing the engagement of Charles V's daughter Margeret of Austria to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) Alessandro de' Medici. [77] In addition, the notion of Etruscan votive sculpture would have chimed with the participation of the Medici in the religious custom of offering up votive statues, a practice that recalled the ancient Etruscan convention of donating sculptures in the hope of, or gratitude for, divine favour. [31] Ferdinando's pro-papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks. Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. In the first place, not being soldiers, they were constantly confronting their adversaries with bribes of gold rather than with battalions of armed men. After securing Alessandro de' Medici's dukedom, Pope Clement VII married off his first cousin, twice removed, Catherine de' Medici, to the son of Emperor Charles V's arch-enemy, King Francis I of Francethe future King Henry II. Francis younger brother Ferdinand, who became grand duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity. The mob hastened to seek out Salvestros first cousin, Vieri, who was, however, able to fade away without losing face. Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Unlike his father, Piero had little interest in the arts. Born 12 Jun 1519 in Firenze. Four members of the Medici family went on to become the Popes of the Catholic Church. [26] To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! A tradition dating back to the sixteenth century suggests that Alessandro de' Medici, an illegitimate child of the Florentine banking family who in 1532 became duke of Florence, was the son of an Afro-European woman. At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business. [78] Such favours would have included the wish for a strong and healthy family, both for the supplicant and their descendants. Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. Cosimo purchased a portion of the island of Elba from the Republic of Genoa and based the Tuscan navy there. The Medici family were at the time the de facto rulers of Florence: originally bankers, they came to great wealth and power by bankrolling the monarchies of Europe. Both also served as de facto political rulers of Rome, Florence, and large swaths of Italy known as the Papal States. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, started in 1604 by Ferdinando I, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week.[52]. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as Raphael's Transfiguration and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the Vatican, including Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation and the infamous sack of Rome in 1527. As I have had more honour and responsibility among you than any private citizen has had in our day, I am more bound than any other person to serve our country, even at the risk of my life. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Giovanni was a self made man with a rags to riches story, bringing his family from abject obscurity to nationwide fame. Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. This has been suggested as a reason for the rise of the Medici family.[16]. Members of the family rose to some prominence in the early 14th century in the wool trade, especially with France and Spain. Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon until the new grand duke could peregrinate to Tuscany, but declined. . Tony Soprano and Shakespeares Macbeth may be well-known Machiavellian characters, but the man whose name inspired the term, Niccolo Machiavelli, didnt read more, 1. Are there descendants of the Medici family? Giulia Romola di Alessandro de' Medici [1] (c. 1535 - c. 1588) was the illegitimate, possibly multiracial, [2] daughter of Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence and his mistress Taddea Malaspina . The House of Medici produced 4 popes - Leo X (1513-1521), Clement VII (1523-1534), Pius IV (1559-1565) and Leo XI (1605). Together, they have tens of thousands of living descendants today, including all of the Roman Catholic royal families of Europebut they are not patrilineal Medici. Lorenzo de Medici deservedly holds an honoured place in the history of Florence and Italy. The conspiracy involved the Pazzi and Salviati families, both rival banking families seeking to end the influence of the Medici, as well as the priest presiding over the church services, the Archbishop of Pisa, and even Pope Sixtus IV to a degree. Clement VII's tumultuous pontificate was dominated by a rapid succession of political crisesmany long in the makingthat resulted in the sack of Rome by the armies of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527 and rise of the Salviati, Altoviti and Strozzi as the leading bankers of the Roman Curie. After Ferdinands son Cosimo II (who supported the work of the mathematician, philosopher and astronomer Galileo Galilei) died in 1720, Florence and Tuscany suffered under ineffectual Medici rule. The main challengers to the Albizzi family were the Medici, first under Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, later under his son Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici and great-grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici. Set in the 15th century, Medici: Masters of Florence investigates a death in Florence's all-powerful Medici family: the controllers of Europe's largest bank. The electress donated much of her fortune to charity: 4,000 a month. In 1534, following a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII diedand with him the stability of the Medici's "senior" branch. On the right is a meeting of the liberal arts near a fountain. 15 Feb 1471, d. 28 Dec 1503. One Salvestro de' Medici was speaker of the woolmakers' guild during the Ciompi revolt of 137882, and one Antonio de' Medici was exiled from Florence in 1396. Overthrown when. Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her. [37], Tuscany participated in the Wars of Castro (the last time Medicean Tuscany proper was involved in a conflict) and inflicted a defeat on the forces of Pope Urban VIII in 1643. The family originally came from a village in Tuscany but eventually migrated to Florence, its capital. [6] In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence. Perhaps God wills that this war, which began in the blood of my brother and of myself, should be ended by any means. Although knowledge of vitamins did not exist at the time, the benefit of oranges for certain diseases was recognized and their association with recommendations by medical doctors suggests to Dr. Ruggiero that this likely is the imagery intended in the coats of arms for the Medici family. They were also protagonists of the counter-reformation, from the beginning of the reformation through the Council of Trent and the French wars of religion. Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used. Despite all of these incentives for economic growth and prosperity, the population of Florence at the dawn of the 17th century was a mere 75,000, far smaller than the other capitals of Italy: Rome, Milan, Venice, Palermo and Naples. Thus began the reign of Medici monarchs in Florence, which lasted two centuries. This century-long rule was interrupted only on two occasions (between 14941512 and 15271530), when anti-Medici factions took control of Florence. He discusses the art of giving, the myths and reality of royalty, and how a royal mindset can benefit everyone in their lives. [59] Eleanor of Toledo, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. They were and still are a pretty big name, is what we're saying. The latter died before his father, who in death received the title "Father of His Country." THE MEDICI FAMILY THE MEDICI FAMILY: the most rich and powerful family of Italy! https://www.britannica.com/topic/Medici-family, Art Encyclopedia - The Medici Family, Florence, Medici Family - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Medici family - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), 63 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Visual Arts Quizzes. Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a common practice at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. He married Maria Maddalena of Austria, with whom he had his eight children, including Margherita de' Medici, Ferdinando II de' Medici, and an Anna de' Medici. [51], The "Lorrainers", as the occupying forces were called, were popularly loathed, but the regent, the Prince de Craon, allowed the electress to live unperturbed in the Palazzo Pitti. Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government institutions, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the Albizzi or the Strozzi. In addition, the early Medici resolutely courted favour with the middle and poorer classes in the city, and this determination to be popolani (plebeian) endured a long time after them. Gently saute the garlic until soft but not brown. [17] Involvement in another plot in 1400 caused all branches of the family to be banned from Florentine politics for twenty years, with the exception of two. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, first attained wealth and political power in Florence, Italy, in the 13th century through its success in commerce and banking. To ensure that a Medici of the Cosimo line would continue to rule Florence, Pope Clement VII, nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent, installed Alessandro (151137), reputedly his own illegitimate son, as hereditary duke of Florence. The family tree of the Medicis illustrates the political impact of wealth accumulated through trade, commerce, and banking. At the b ottom left, the representation of the river divinity of the Arno can be seen. With France and Spain donated much of her fortune to charity: 4,000 a month Medici Bank known the... 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